His parents named him Hoshea at birth. When Moses sent 12 spies to scout out the land of Canaan Num. The other 10 faithless spies reported that the land — though rich, fertile and bountiful just as the Lord had promised — was occupied by strong and ferocious warriors some of whom were Nephilim or giants dwelling in large, fortified cities.
Angry at the Israelites for their lack of trust and rebellious hearts, God sentenced them to wander in the wilderness for 40 years until that unfaithful generation perished.
Of the 12 spies, only Joshua and Caleb survived. Joshua was likely in his early or mid-thirties at the time. Before the Jews entered Canaan, Moses died and Joshua succeeded him as leader. Afterwards, Yahweh instructed Moses to record the battle in a preexisting book. Specifically the event was to be recounted to Joshua, with a promise that Amalek would be destroyed. This shows the special position that Joshua had in Israel. After Moses had heard the Ten Commandments and accompanying instructions, he preached to the people and wrote them down [9].
Then Moses was summoned to return to the mountaintop and into God's presence in order to receive worship regulations. Only Joshua was allowed to come with Moses on the Mountain, but he could dwell in God's presence.
For forty days, Moses and Joshua were alone and isolated from the rest of Israel, handling God's instructions on worship in the future Tabernacle. During this time, Israel took matters into their own hands and created a Golden Calf idol.
When Joshua heard the ruckus from the ground, he mistakenly thought Israel was preparing for war with a battle cry. Upon investigation, Moses found that Aaron had led the people in the building of a golden calf in direct contradiction to the sermon they had heard from Moses. It was here that the LORD would meet with him. Joshua would be waiting just outside as his mentor would speak personally with God. Firstly, the Torah writes as Hoshea bin Nun, prince nasi of the tribe of Ephraim.
It then tells us that Moses renamed him Joshua. This sounds as if a new character were being introduced here and the reader is being given background. But Joshua has already appeared a number of times before this.
Joshua is the general of the army in the battle against Amalek Exod. Joshua is never once called Hoshea before this story. The meforshim traditional commentators were well aware of these problems.
Rabbi Yehuda ben Eliezer Riva; 14th century in his commentary on the verse, quotes Rabbi Moshe of Coucy 13th century , who suggests that although Moses called him Joshua only now, the Torah, written by Moses at a later period in his life, calls him Joshua throughout.
A different approach was taken by Hezekiah ben Manoah 13th cent. Hizkuni believes that even though the renaming is mentioned in the scout story for the first time, in reality Moses had already been calling Hoshea Joshua for a while.
The reason Joshua appears to be introduced for the first time in the story of the scouts is because in the source from which this story derives P this is the first place Joshua is mentioned. He follows his master around Exod.
In another version what some call the P source , Joshua for the first time is mentioned here as a young scout who, against all odds, remains loyal to God and Moses when most of his fellow scouts have fallen into panic Num.
If the appointment of the scouts is really the first interaction recorded between Joshua and Moses in the P source, what is it that drives Moses to rename the young scout? Why Joshua and not any other scout? Taking an academic approach, the most convincing response is redaction-critical. Originally, the P source did not include the list of scouts Num. Not unlike the version of the story found in Deuteronomy. It would have read simply Num.
It was a common scribal technique in ancient times that after adding material into a text the editor would repeat a phrase from the section before the interruption in order to help reorient the readers. Thus, it seems that this verse was originally meant to inform the reader— for the first time —that Caleb and Joshua were among the scouts, which demonstrates that it predates the inclusion of the list of scouts into the account.
When the Israelites are attacked by the Amalekites immediately after their crossing of the Red Sea, it is Hosea who leads the counter-attack. He defeats the enemy, and subsequently becomes Moses 's assistant and protege. He is next mentioned at Sinai, where he waits diligently at the edge of the mountain for Moses to descend; thus, unlike the other members of his tribe, Hosea was not involved in the sin of the Golden Calf.
Hosea also accompanied Moses when he went to the Tent of Meeting for the remaining years in the desert. Hosea's most notable exploit in the Torah takes place during the episode of the spies in Numbers 13 He is chosen to represent the tribe of Ephraim among the group of twelve leaders who travel to Canaan to scout out the land.
Upon returning from their mission, the spies unanimously praise the land; ten of them, however, add that it will be impossible to conquer, and that it in fact "eats its inhabitants. Because the Jews believed the report of the ten libelous spies, God waits forty years before leading the Israelites into the land; by that point, the entire generation that believed the bad reports about Canaan has dies with the exception of Joshua and Caleb.
It is also during the episode of the spies that Hosea's name is changed to Joshua. According to midrashic sources, Moses foresaw the disaster that would occur when the spies returned, and gave his apprentice moral support by adding the name of God to his name, changing Hosea "saves" into Joshua "God saves".
As Moses's death draws near, Joshua is chosen to be his successor.
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