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Castle Connolly Top Doctors can be proud that they are a part of the leading peer-nominated network, with each selection thoroughly vetted and hand-curated by our expert team of researchers. Patients can rest assured our list is unbiased, free to use, and committed to accuracy and reliability.
Show Search Find Top Doctors. Current Location. Cannot determine location. Twitter Email Show more sharing options Share Close extra sharing options. Unlike other 'find a doctor' services Castle Connolly has curated approximately 60, board-certified US physicians. Through our rigorous research process, only these hand-selected few have been awarded Top Doctor status. Margje W. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author. Received Mar 16; Accepted Aug This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Abstract Medical professionals need to keep on learning as part of their everyday work to deliver high-quality health care. Introduction Good professional conduct in medicine, as reflected in the requirements of good medical practice General Medical Council , the principles of medical ethics American Medical Association , and the oath taken by medical graduates e.
Deliberate practice and workplace learning Deliberate practice has mostly been studied in the domains of music, sports and chess Ericsson Learning in medical practice The reflective and self-directed nature of learning in practice is also widely recognised in the context of medical education as an important aspect of the professional development of students, residents and practitioners Duffy ; Epstein et al.
Methods Context and participants The study was conducted in the Netherlands among 50 physicians working in internal medicine. Table 1 Description of sample characteristics. Open in a separate window. Interviews We conducted semi-structured interviews with internists on the activities they engaged in during their work that might contribute to professional development. Procedure Internists in several hospitals in the south of the Netherlands were first approached by the head of the Department of Internal Medicine at Maastricht University Medical Centre and subsequently contacted by the interviewers SJ and HJ.
Analyses The interviews were transcribed verbatim. Table 2 Quotes from the interviews illustrating the themes. Goals Providing the right medical care, that is the main thing. That means being patient-friendly, so no unnecessary examinations, partly in view of costs, and trying to be as clear as possible in communication. On a purely personal level, I want to be as good as I can, in terms of knowledge. You need to get better all the time, so you need to study, even in weekends. R9 a Optimum patient care is paramount, and then to get some satisfaction, a career, and grow in your profession, yes, being proud of what you achieve.
And the nurses are very open to communication too. I think you can learn a lot from them too. R19 I see many routine cases. Occasionally you have to look things up. Who just tell me to solve the problem in a particular way, without asking me questions or explaining why.
R28 You ask the others informally at patient review meetings: What would you do? And at least once a week I ask a colleague: I intend to do this, would you agree? UI32 Differences of opinion You exchange arguments, views and considerations, and there are usually more options, so you discuss.
If I do, I have to reconsider, … I have a look at the literature. So when in doubt you have to look further afield. R31 We have them every day at the intensive care. We discuss things openly and try to reach consensus. Explanations I think you also learn things yourself while explaining, as you may discover gaps. R20 Sometimes you get feedback from a GP, who lets you know how the patient fared later and whether they were satisfied with the outcome. UI4 I especially learn from the meetings with colleagues, the handover meeting, the ward round; and you learn a lot from teaching.
NUI22 I find patient contacts most important. R34 Contribution to knowledge development By engaging in research you learn how to investigate things and to evaluate the literature.
It gives me a wider view of the field. R13 I include patients in research and hope we find out things and can treat patients more effectively. Work activities Participants filled in a week schedule to characterise their daily activities. Goals Providing high-quality patient care was the main professional goal for all participants.
Asking colleagues for advice While most experienced internists said they asked for advice 1—3 times a week, many residents did so every day. Differences of opinion All participants indicated they sometimes had differences of opinion, as there was often not one perfect solution to a problem. Professional development Among their regular duties, participants found contacts with patients and patient review meetings most important for their professional development.
Contribution to knowledge development Finally we asked whether the respondents themselves contributed to the advancement of knowledge in internal medicine, as this is considered the ultimate step in expertise development Ericsson , Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author s and source are credited.
References American Medical Association. Code of medical ethics: Current opinions with annotations, — Bleakley A. Broadening conceptions of learning in medical education: the message from teamworking. Medical Education. How to help professionals maintain and improve their knowledge and skills: Triangulating best practices in medicine.
In: Ericsson KA, editor. Development of professional expertise: Toward measurement of expert performance and design of optimal learning environments. Disentangling clinical learning experiences: an exploratory study on the dynamic tensions in internship. Commentary: training internists for practice focused on meeting patient needs.
Academic Medicine. Deliberate practice in teaching: What teachers do for self-improvement. Teaching and Teacher Education. Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly. Interviewing: Theory, techniques and training.
Groningen, The Netherlands: Wolters-Noordhoff; Self-monitoring in clinical practice: A challenge for medical educators. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions. Non-formal learning and tacit knowledge in professional work. British Journal of Educational Psychology. Informal learning in the workplace. Studies in Continuing Education. Learning from other people in the workplace. Oxford Review of Education. Deliberate practice and the acquisition and maintenance of expert performance in medicine and related domains.
The Influence of experience and deliberate practice on the development of superior expert performance. The Cambridge handbook of expertise and expert performance. The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review. Self-assessment in the health professions: A reformulation and research agenda. Good medical practice. The life long challenge of expertise. Contextual tensions of the clinical environment and their influence on teaching and learning.
Reforming internal medicine residency training. Journal of General Internal Medicine. Advances in Health Sciences Education in press. Upon graduation from medical school, you would start a residency program.
The process would actually start in your fourth year of medical school as you begin making applications to the programs you are interested in. This is when most residency programs release their acceptance list to applicants. Depending on medical specialty, a residency can last anywhere from three to seven years.
The first year is typically devoted to general practice, referred to as an internship. Residents earn a stipend to cover basic living expenses. All physicians are required to be licensed in the state in which they intend to practice.
To do so, you would need to graduate from medical school and pass a national exam. In some cases you can become licensed as an MD without completing a residency, after your internship. Contact your state medical board for details.
Physicians with an MD degree must complete a three-part test called the U. Although not required, physicians are encouraged to obtain board certification in their field of practice. This typically involves a multiple-choice exam. Having board certification can increase your job opportunities and is required by certain hospitals, research facilities, and academic institutions.
The process entails paperwork to verify your degree attendance in medical school as well as an exam to confirm language and medical skills. It takes dedication to become a physician. In addition to the extensive training, doctors invariably put in long hours for many years and often experience burnout along the way.
Many doctors work 40 to 60 hours per week at the very least, with some averaging between 61 and 80 hours weekly. Many specialties require you to be on-call or to work night shifts and weekends. It is for this reason that you need to carefully consider which field of medicine is right for you. Ideally, it would be one you can remain passionate about while providing you the work-life balance you need.
The rewards, both personal and financial, can make it all worth it. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Greek Medicine - The Hippocratic Oath. Published American Journal of Gastroenterology. Wani S. Training in Advanced Endoscopy. Gastroenterol Hepatol N Y. Testosterone versus clomiphene citrate in managing symptoms of hypogonadism in men. Indian Journal of Urology.
Updated June 17, Updated September The postgraduate medical education pathway: an international comparison. American Osteopathic Association. Mowery YM. A primer on medical education in the United States through the lens of a current resident physician. Ann Transl Med. If you feel that your doctor has committed misconduct, you should file a report with the Office of Professional Medical Conduct.
Reports of misconduct are kept confidential. Examples of medical misconduct include but are not limited to : practicing fraudulently, practicing with gross incompetence or gross negligence; practicing while impaired by alcohol, drugs, physical or mental disability; being convicted of a crime; filing a false report; guaranteeing that treatment will result in a cure; refusing to provide services because of race, creed, color or national origin; performing services not authorized by the patient; harassing, abusing or intimidating a patient; ordering excessive tests; and abandoning or neglecting a patient in need of immediate care.
Certain types of complaints are not considered misconduct and therefore are not under the jurisdiction of OPMC. These include complaints regarding fees unless they represent fraud , and complaints about a physician's attitude.
The specific definitions can be found in State Education Law, Sections and Phone: or All complaints are kept confidential. South, New York, NY Once a written complaint has been received, it is reviewed by investigative and medical staff at the Office of Professional Medical Conduct.
A charge of misconduct is serious and there must be sufficient evidence of a possible violation before a hearing is held. If an investigation uncovers sufficient evidence, the case is presented to an investigation committee. The committee can recommend to the Director any of the following: a hearing, additional investigation, a dismissal of the matter, or non-disciplinary warnings or consultations.
If sufficient evidence suggesting misconduct is not found, the investigation is terminated and the case is closed. A record of the investigation remains in OPMC files for possible future reference.
Complainants and physicians are notified by letter. If the investigation committee finds evidence suggesting misconduct, charges are filed against the physician. At that point, a disciplinary hearing is held before a committee of the Board for Professional Medical Conduct board. The board is composed of physicians, physician assistants and lay members who fulfill major roles in the disciplinary process by serving on investigation, hearing and license restoration committees.
The hearing committee, which is composed of two physicians and one layperson, makes a finding of guilt or innocence and imposes a penalty if appropriate.
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